{"id":1516,"date":"2026-04-20T14:16:14","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T06:16:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flavorfiesta.foodiesconnect.net\/vn\/from-sticky-notes-to-system-clarity-mastering-uml-use-case-diagrams-with-visual-paradigm\/"},"modified":"2026-04-20T14:16:14","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T06:16:14","slug":"from-sticky-notes-to-system-clarity-mastering-uml-use-case-diagrams-with-visual-paradigm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flavorfiesta.foodiesconnect.net\/vn\/from-sticky-notes-to-system-clarity-mastering-uml-use-case-diagrams-with-visual-paradigm\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1eeb Ghi Ch\u00fa D\u00ednh \u0110\u1ebfn S\u1ef1 R\u00f5 R\u00e0ng H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng: Th\u00e0nh Th\u1ea1o S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u1ee3p S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng UML V\u1edbi Visual Paradigm"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

B\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

\ud83c\udfaf Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1edbi: T\u1ea1i sao S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0110\u00e3 Thay \u0110\u1ed5i C\u00e1ch T\u00f4i Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf Ph\u1ea7n M\u1ec1m<\/h2>\n

Khi t\u00f4i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed1 b\u1eaft kh\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng tay tr\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML \u2014 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0Visual Paradigm<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o kh\u00f4 khan. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 BA, PM, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay sinh vi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n

\ud83d\udcd0 K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML: Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"Sample<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML m\u1eabu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh H\u00f3a \u0110\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t), v\u00e0 Visual Paradigm gi\u00fap ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nLi\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nBao g\u1ed3m<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nM\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nPh\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nT\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<\/table>\n\n

\ud83d\udd0d T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i (v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf)<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"UML<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch truy c\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong Visual Paradigm, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 con d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Lu\u1ed3ng S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\n

\ud83d\udca1\u00a0M\u1eb9o hay t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>: T\u00f4i lu\u00f4n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-danh t\u1eeb (“\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng”, “T\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o”)\u2014\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n UML c\u1ee7a OMG<\/h4>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong UML? Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a OMG (OMG UML) (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac si\u00eau c\u1ea5p UML phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.4.1, trang 606), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"UML<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Li\u00ean k\u1ebft UML<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n UML c\u1ee7a OMG<\/h4>\n

Li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong UML? Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a OMG (OMG UML) (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac si\u00eau c\u1ea5p UML phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.4.1, trang 36), li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\n

M\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u. M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3.
\n\u2026
\nM\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3u.
\nM\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1edfi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft cho th\u1ea5y li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"UML<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n UML<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u1ea7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, v.v.
\nL\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1c s\u0129 John, b\u00e0 Brown l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\n

\ud83d\udca1\u00a0M\u1eb9o hay t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>: T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a “John ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb” nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb: m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a vai tr\u00f2, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n UML c\u1ee7a OMG<\/h4>\n

T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong UML? Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a OMG (OMG UML) (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac si\u00eau c\u1ea5p UML phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.4.1), t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\n

M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3. (Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “vai tr\u00f2” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.)
\n\u2026
\nM\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vai tr\u00f2 do m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3). C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “vai tr\u00f2”) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p li\u00ean quan. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"UML<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng UML<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, trong khi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n UML c\u1ee7a OMG<\/h4>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (OMG UML) c\u1ee7a OMG (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac si\u00eau c\u1ea5p UML phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.4.1, trang 608), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 (ho\u1eb7c ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, h\u00ecnh elip d\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c quan b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a b\u00ean trong, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Bao g\u1ed3m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"UML<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Bao g\u1ed3m UML<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh vi cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8n v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n

\n

\ud83d\udca1\u00a0M\u1eb9o hay t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0<<bao g\u1ed3m>><\/code>\u00a0cho c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u2014nh\u01b0 \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c lu\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh OMG UML<\/h4>\n

Bao g\u1ed3m trong UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (OMG UML) c\u1ee7a OMG (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac si\u00eau c\u1ea5p UML phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.4.1, trang 604), bao g\u1ed3m l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"UML<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng UML<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8n v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n

\n

\ud83d\udca1\u00a0M\u1eb9o hay t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>: D\u00e0nh ri\u00eang\u00a0<<m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng>><\/code>\u00a0cho h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\u2014nh\u01b0 \u201c\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1\u201d trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thanh to\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec mang t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh OMG UML<\/h4>\n

M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (OMG UML) c\u1ee7a OMG (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac si\u00eau c\u1ea5p UML phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.4.1, trang 601), m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\n

M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8n v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.
\n\u2026
\nM\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung). Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0nh vi theo m\u00f4-\u0111un, b\u1ed5 sung cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.
\nL\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"UML<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c UML<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy chu\u1ea9n OMG UML<\/h4>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m dependency trong UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy chu\u1ea9n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t OMG (OMG UML) (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac si\u00eau c\u1ea5p UML phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.4.1, trang 61), dependency l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t dependency l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"UML<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a UML<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng mang th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy chu\u1ea9n OMG UML<\/h4>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a trong UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy chu\u1ea9n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t OMG (OMG UML) (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac si\u00eau c\u1ea5p UML phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.4.1, trang 70), t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

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T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n. M\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"UML<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n UML<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy chu\u1ea9n OMG UML<\/h4>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy chu\u1ea9n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t OMG (OMG UML) (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac si\u00eau c\u1ea5p UML phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.4.1, trang 131), th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

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Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 (b\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p) v\u00e0 t\u1eadp kia \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (b\u00ean kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng). Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1eabu, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p khung, v.v.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"UML<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c UML<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy chu\u1ea9n OMG UML<\/h4>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy chu\u1ea9n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t OMG (OMG UML) (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac si\u00eau c\u1ea5p UML phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.4.1, trang 174), h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c (vai tr\u00f2), m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mong mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 danh t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tham gia s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

\ud83d\ude80 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case: T\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t use case m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 use case bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c use case li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a: \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3? (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong>), ai \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng? (t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n<\/strong>) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? (use case<\/strong>), do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c use case gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

\"Use<\/p>\n\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case trong UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t use case l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Use case l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t use case bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 lu\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng) v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, cung c\u1ea5p bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n

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  1. \n

    S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\/\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh (c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c (c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf), c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n

    \"Use<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h4>\n

    C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h4>\n

    M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h4>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

    Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h4>\n

    Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh.<\/p>\n\n

    L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n
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      C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3u h\u1ed9p \u0111en.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      V\u00ec c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    4. \n

      M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u1edbp, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p (thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u2013 tham s\u1ed1) k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    5. \n

      C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p cao (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c), v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed9p tr\u1eafng).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    6. \n

      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy v\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 giao n\u1ed9p, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

      L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng?<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng) c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      2. \n

        V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      3. \n

        X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      4. \n

        T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      5. \n

        C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      6. \n

        \u01afu ti\u00ean, xem x\u00e9t, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \n

        \ud83d\udca1\u00a0Th\u00edch \u1ee9ng Nhanh Nh\u1eb9n<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn use case tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c use case ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c use case \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u2014ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

        B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n

          V\u1ebd c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i logic c\u00e1c use case th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

          \"UML<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

          C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c Use Case<\/h3>\n

          UML \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ba ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Use Case:<\/p>\n

          <> Use Case<\/h4>\n

          Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 <> l\u00e0 sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Use Case ch\u00ednh. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c Use Case v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 chung c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u2013h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

          \"UML<\/p>\n

          <> Use Case<\/h4>\n

          M\u1ed9t use case m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf cho use case c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Use case <> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e8n th\u00eam c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i use case c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

          \"UML<\/p>\n

          Use Case tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t<\/h4>\n

          Use case t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00ec ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t use case tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb in nghi\u00eang.<\/p>\n

          \"UML<\/p>\n

          V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u use case kinh doanh (m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau), \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh doanh) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

          Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c use case c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong l\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u01a1 b\u1ed9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c use case n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c use case <> v\u00e0 <> trong l\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u01b0 minh h\u1ecda trong H\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

          \"UML<\/p>\n\n

          Use Case Kinh doanh<\/h3>\n

          M\u1ed9t use case kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ngng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/strong>trong \u0111\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p \u0111en v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kinh doanh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, trong khi m\u1ed9t use case th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9m\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong>v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, use case kinh doanh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a trong ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n

          \"UML<\/p>\n\n

          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case<\/h3>\n

          H\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9tATM<\/strong>v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 use case, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 use case.<\/p>\n

          \"Use<\/p>\n

          The\u00a0H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u (DMS)<\/strong>d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c use case c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 bao g\u1ed3m v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c use case.<\/p>\n

          \"Use<\/p>\n

          The\u00a0H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/strong>\u00a0v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n

          \"Use<\/p>\n\n

          \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi Visual Paradigm: Nh\u1eefng m\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian<\/h2>\n

          Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong Visual Paradigm:<\/p>\n

          B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nhanh<\/h3>\n
            \n
          1. \n

            B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/strong>: \u0110i t\u1edbi\u00a0S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 > M\u1edbi<\/code>\u00a0v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn\u00a0S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          2. \n

            Th\u00eam th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thanh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o m\u1ed9t T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng v\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          3. \n

            M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhanh<\/strong>: Di chu\u1ed9t qua m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf \u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng) \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1edbi; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          4. \n

            T\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng AI<\/strong>: B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 AI \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u201ch\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ATM\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng cao t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n