{"id":853,"date":"2026-03-04T15:23:20","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T07:23:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flavorfiesta.foodiesconnect.net\/in\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-diagrams-erds-with-visual-paradigm\/"},"modified":"2026-03-04T15:23:20","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T07:23:20","slug":"comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-diagrams-erds-with-visual-paradigm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flavorfiesta.foodiesconnect.net\/in\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-diagrams-erds-with-visual-paradigm\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0936\u093f\u092a \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (ERD) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"auto\">\u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0936\u093f\u092a \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (ERD) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0949\u0932\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 ERD \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 ERD \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h2>ERD \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/h2>\n<h3>\u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 ERD \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0935\u091a\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 (1:1)<\/strong>: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 (1:N)<\/strong>: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 (M:N)<\/strong>: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092d\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0917\u0941\u0923<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u0917\u0941\u0923 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0921\u0930\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0938\u0930\u0932 (\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941) \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 (\u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0947) \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>\u0915\u0940\u091c\u093c<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u0915\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0935\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0940<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>ERD \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>: ERD \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e<\/strong>: \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, ERD \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: ERD \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/strong>: ERD \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915\u0939\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0938, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span id=\"b_E-commerce_Platform\">\u0908-\u0915\u0949\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0908-\u0915\u0949\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c: \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926, \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936, \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928<\/li>\n<li>\u0909\u092a\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930: \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e<\/li>\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940: \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0906\u0907\u091f\u092e (\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f)<\/li>\n<li>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e: \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0930\u0902\u0917)<\/li>\n<li>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e: \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img alt=\"E-commerce Platform ERD Example: Visual Paradigm \" class=\"alignnone\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"583\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/img_6503c87dd903b.png\" width=\"368\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>\u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u2013 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/h3>\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0928 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"ERD Example - Book Management System: Visual Paradigm\" class=\"alignnone\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"439\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-images.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-modeling\/what-is-erd\/01-entity-relationship-diagram.png\" width=\"749\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>\u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u0928\u093e\u092e<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u092a\u0924\u093e<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u092f\u0942\u0906\u0930\u090f\u0932<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0915<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u0928\u093e\u092e<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u092a\u0924\u093e<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0928<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">URL<\/code>: integer(10), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u0908\u092e\u0947\u0932<\/code>: varchar(255), \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u0928\u093e\u092e<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0928<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u092a\u0924\u093e<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"\">ISBN<\/code>: varchar(255), \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/code>: integer(10), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/code>: numeric(19, 0), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0915, \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0948\u0917_\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0948\u0917 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940<\/code>: integer(10), \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0939\u0948\u00a0<code class=\"\">\u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0948\u0917(\u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940)<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0906\u0908\u090f\u0938\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0928<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0939\u0948\u00a0<code class=\"\">\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915(\u0906\u0908\u090f\u0938\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0928)<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940<\/code>: integer(10), \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0948\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0938\u0947-\u092c\u0939\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0948\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0948\u0917<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928<\/code>: \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 (10), \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0908\u092e\u0947\u0932<\/code>: \u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0930 (255), \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0939\u0948\u00a0<code class=\"\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 (\u0908\u092e\u0947\u0932)<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u092e_\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0921<\/code>: \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 (10), \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0939\u0948\u00a0<code class=\"\">\u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u092e (\u0915\u094b\u0921)<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 ISBN<\/code>: \u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0930 (255), \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0939\u0948\u00a0<code class=\"\">\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 (ISBN)<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940<\/code>: \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 (10), \u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0938\u0947-\u092c\u0939\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u092e<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u0915\u094b\u0921<\/code>: \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 (10), \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0928<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"\">\u092a\u0924\u093e<\/code>: varchar(255), \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 (1:N)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 (1:N)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 (1:N)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong>: \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 (M:N)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0908 \u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u094b\u00a0<code class=\"\">\u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f_\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/code>\u00a0\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong>: \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0938\u0947-\u092c\u0939\u0941 (M:N)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0908 \u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u094b\u00a0<code class=\"\">\u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u092e_\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/code>\u00a0\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f,\u00a0<code class=\"\">ISBN<\/code>\u00a0\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<code class=\"\">\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/code>\u00a0\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930\u00a0<code class=\"\">\u0908\u092e\u0947\u0932<\/code>\u00a0\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<code class=\"\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/code>\u00a0\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 (\u092f\u093e \u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939) \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f,\u00a0<code class=\"\">\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915_ISBN<\/code>\u00a0\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<code class=\"\">\u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f_\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/code>\u00a0\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<code class=\"\">\u0906\u0908\u090f\u0938\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0928<\/code>\u00a0\u092e\u0947\u0902\u00a0<code class=\"\">\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/code>\u00a0\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0938\u0947-\u092c\u0939\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092d\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0926\u00a0<code class=\"\">\u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917\u092c\u0948\u0917_\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/code>\u00a0\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0938\u0947-\u092c\u0939\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u00a0<code class=\"\">\u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917\u092c\u0948\u0917<\/code>\u00a0\u0914\u0930\u00a0<code class=\"\">\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u090f\u0915-\u0938\u0947-\u092c\u0939\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092b\u0940\u091a\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>\u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915-\u0938\u0947-\u090f\u0915, \u090f\u0915-\u0938\u0947-\u092c\u0939\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0938\u0947-\u092c\u0939\u0941 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong>: \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915\u0939\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f SQL \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f (\u0921\u0940\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0932) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0947\u091f\u0905\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong>: \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940<\/strong>: \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940<\/strong>: \u0915\u0949\u0932\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092c\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940<\/strong>: \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u092e\u090f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u091d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915\u0939\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u091f\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u091f\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u091f\u0940\u092e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0942\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b, \u0908\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u092c\u0940\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092b\u0940\u091a\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0936\u093f\u092a \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (\u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0940\u091a\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/database-design-with-erd-tools\/\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u2013 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/tutorials\/sdevsgendb.jsp\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u2013 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tpQr-RPuZzI\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u2013 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/support\/documents\/vpuserguide\/3563\/3564\/85378_conceptual,l.html\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u092e \u2013 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915, \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/support\/documents\/vpuserguide\/3563\/3587\/85406_reverseengin.html\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u092e \u2013 \u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/solution\/dbdesign\/erd-tool\/\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u092e \u2013 \u0908\u0906\u0930\u0921\u0940 \u091f\u0942\u0932<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/VPGallery\/datamodeling\/index.html\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u092e \u2013 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e 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\u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u0906\u092a \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0936\u093f\u092a \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (ERD) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0949\u0932\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 ERD \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b 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